CAF涡凹气浮系统-CASS工艺处理 造纸中段废水

本文针对造纸中段废水短纤维含量高及可溶性COD占有较大比例的水质特征 ,提出了CAF涡凹气浮系统—周期循环活性污泥法串联污水处理工艺。该工艺具有占地少、投资省、运行效果好、操作管理方便等特点。     

Local authority waste paper recovery operations: An appropriate costing system

This article reviews attempts by other workers to derive full economic evaluations of local authority waste paper recovery operations and proposals from government bodies to devise uniform costing systems for these schemes. In the light of this work a standard costing system for local authority waste paper recovery operations is proposed. Empirical data was obtained from a number of local authorities and analysed using this standard costing system. The viability of each scheme under the standard costing system and the Council's original costing system is compared.     

Efficient water use in industries: cases from the Indian agro-based pulp and paper mills

Agro-based pulp and paper mills in India are one of the most polluting industries; in addition, they are high consumers of raw water. Growing scarcity of high quality freshwater as well as stringent regulatory standards is compelling these units to explore appropriate water management options. Based on data obtained through a questionnaire survey and plant visits, this work provides an overview of the water use and effluent treatment status in Indian agro-residue and recycled pulp and paper mills. The challenges faced by this sector are reviewed and practices adopted by progressive units to minimize freshwater use are illustrated through case studies.     

Stress-70 as indicator of heavy metals accumulation in blue mussel Mytilus edulis

The induction of stress-70 (Hsp70) in the blue mussels Mytilus edulis from southern Baltic after exposure to cadmium, lead and copper, administrated individually and/or as a mixture, was investigated by means of standard Western blotting using a clone 3A3 monoclonal antibody. The general course of the stress-70 induction was found to be similar for all tested metals. It could be characterised by three main features: (1) The induction of stress-70 proteins was only slightly increased at low metal concentration. (2) Strong induction of stress-70 occurred at high concentration of metals. Combination of metals (Cd+Cu) was found to increase the stress-70 level more intensely than related concentrations of singularly applied metals. (3) Five weeks of long depuration had no effect on stress-70 levels. Experiments revealed different induction of stress-70 as a response to cadmium, lead and copper exposure and confirm that the applied technique might serve as a versatile tool to assess invertebrate stress reaction to environmentally relevant heavy metals.     

造纸行业的可持续发展之路

以山东省造纸行业探索可持续发展之路的情况论述了造纸行业取得环境和经济双赢效果的宝贵经验。     

废纸制浆造纸废水封闭循环处理工艺

本文介绍了废纸造纸制浆废水的特点、在零排放和废水封闭循环中遇到的问题以及解决措施，介绍了几种目前比较常用的废纸制浆连纸循环水处理工艺及其发展状况。     

Canadian Environmental Effects Monitoring: Experiences with Pulp and Paper and Metal Mining Regulatory Programs

In Canada, Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) programs exist within two regulations: the Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations and the newMetal Mining Effluent Regulations under the Canadian Fisheries Act. EEM provides a biological, effects-based feedback loop to assess the effectiveness of technology-based regulations in protecting receiving environments. The promulgation of the Pulp and Paper Effluent Regulations, in 1992, represented a significant step forward in the Canadian regulatory approach by incorporating directly into a regulation a requirement to assess the effects of effluent discharges on receiving environments using proven scientific monitoring methodologies. Similarly, an assessment of the aquatic impacts of mines resulted in recommendations to amend the Metal Mining Effluent Regulations, recently promulgated in 2002, and includes an EEM program as a science-based feedback loop. As such, these regulations recognize the possibility that national, technology-based standards may not necessarily protect all receiving environments because of the diversity and variability of both discharges and receiving sites across the country. Since that time, EEM has improved its flexibility by considering both advances in science and the uniqueness of monitoring sites across Canada to allow the most appropriate and cost-effective monitoring approaches at each site while maintaining national consistency. This paper discusses the use of monitoring under two Canadian regulations to assess effects on aquatic ecosystems. As well, the National EEM approach to maintaining up-to-date scientific practices in a national regulatory program is discussed using examples.     

咪唑氯盐离子液体对蚯蚓急性毒性及体重影响研究

采用OECD标准滤纸接触法和人工土壤法,研究了3种离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Bmim]Cl)、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Hmim]Cl)、1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Omim]Cl)对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)的急性致死作用,并测定亚慢性暴露试验下蚯蚓的体重变化.滤纸接触法测得[Bmim]Cl、[Hmim]Cl、[Omim]Cl对蚯蚓24 h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为109.60、50.38、7.94μg.cm-2;48 h的LC50分别为98.52、39.14、3.61μg.cm-2.人工土壤法得到[Bmim]Cl、[Hmim]Cl、[Omim]Cl对蚯蚓7 d的LC50分别为447.78、245.56、180.51 mg.kg-1,14 d的LC50分别288.42、179.75、150.35 mg.kg-1.蚯蚓在3种离子液体作用下表现出不同的中毒症状.3种离子液体对蚯蚓的生长表现出不同程度的抑制作用,体重随着浓度增加而下降.离子液体对蚯蚓毒性随着碳链长度的增加而增大.     

茂名高岭土矿高岭石的矿物学特征及其涂布性能

茂名高岭土矿的高蛉石,有序度高,晶粒细小(<2微米),沿α、b轴横向连结,无书册状、蠕虫状的大集晶,SiO_2/Al_2O_3值接近高岭石的理论值,Fe_2O_3、TiO_2等杂质含量低于0.5％,并可加工分离,为当前有开发前景的优质涂布原料。     

The contribution of the paper cycle to global warming

Worldwide, paper production is a major industry that contributes about 3 percent of Gross World Product. The paper cycle involves a broad range of natural resource and environmental impacts because fiber supply relies on trees, paper manufacturing requires fuel inputs, and paper waste disposal can contribute to emissions of the potent greenhouse gas (GHG), methane (CH₄). In some countries, the paper cycle may be seen as a net sink for GHG because of reliance on renewable wood by-products and the maintenance of forest plantations. On a worldwide basis, however, this study demonstrates that the paper cycle is a significant contributor to GHG emissions, adding emissions at least comparable in magnitude to that of Australia each year. The estimated global warming contribution of paper in landfills is estimated to be similar to that of paper manufacturing processes, on a heating-equivalent basis. In some temperate regions, original old-growth forests are still harvested to supply pulpwood, resulting in a significant loss of carbon (C) storage. In theory, the paper cycle holds the promise of achieving zero net emissions if pulpwood production, consumption and disposal are carefully managed. In practice, even stabilization of emissions at current levels would be challenging and entail changes comparable to a 20 percent reduction in CH₄ generation from landfilled paper, and a 2.5 percent annual increase in plantation establishment would be needed to offset the projected increase in emissions from paper manufacturing.